Profile of deaths from spontaneous abortion in women of childbearing age in Brazil: a retrospective study (2012-2022)

Abstract

The word “abortion” originates from Latin, combining “ab” (deprivation) and “ortus” (birth), meaning the interruption of birth. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) define abortion as the termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable, i.e. by the 20th or 22nd week of gestation, or with a fetus weighing up to 500g. Miscarriage occurs without external intervention. Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the occurrence of three or more consecutive miscarriages. Factors such as advanced maternal age, over 35, and early menarche are associated with miscarriage. The causes of miscarriage can be genetic or non-genetic, and 25% of cases could be avoided with appropriate preventative measures. In Brazil, miscarriage is one of the main causes of maternal death, with a high mortality rate. This study investigates the prevalence and socio-epidemiological profile of deaths of women of childbearing age due to spontaneous abortion in Brazil between 2012 and 2022. A quantitative, retrospective and epidemiological methodological approach was used. The data was collected through the SUS Information Technology Department (DATASUS), and the variables investigated were year of death, region, color/race, age group and marital status of deaths related to spontaneous abortion in women of childbearing age. The information highlights the importance of public policies aimed at reproductive health, with a focus on reducing regional and socio-economic disparities.